Cognitive bias refers to the systematic patterns of deviation in judgment and decision-making that often occur as a result of mental shortcuts and heuristics. These biases can impact our perceptions, beliefs, and behaviors, leading to errors in reasoning and decision-making. Cognitive bias research seeks to understand the underlying mechanisms of these biases, their effects on our thinking processes, and how they can be mitigated or counteracted. By studying cognitive biases, researchers aim to improve our ability to make more accurate and rational judgments and decisions.